Charting the course for tomorrow's engines with new gasoline motor oil standards

The upcoming ILSAC GF-7 engine oil specification represents a significant advancement in meeting modern engine performance demands and stringent EPA fuel economy and emissions standards. This Q&A from the American Petroleum Institute explores the critical objectives of GF-7, the technical improvements it brings, and what consumers and the automotive industry can expect as this new standard approaches its 2025 implementation date.

What is ILSAC GF-7, and why is it important?

ILSAC GF-7 is the next generation of gasoline engine oil standards developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) in collaboration with industry stakeholders. It is designed to meet stringent fuel economy and emissions reduction targets, particularly for model year 2026 vehicles. This specification focuses on improving engine protection, efficiency, and performance, responding to both technological advances in engines and stricter regulatory demands from the EPA, which aims for a 28% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2026.

Where are the main objectives of the ILSAC GF-7 specification?

The primary goal of the GF-7 specification is to support improved engine performance while meeting the EPA's emission reduction goals. These objectives include:

• Fresh Oil Mini-Rotary Viscometer (MRV) viscosity is set at 40,000 cP to enhance oil flow under cold-start conditions.
• Improved deposit control with enhanced Sequence IIIH testing.
• Better fuel economy indices using Sequence VIE/VIF (Fuel Economy Indices) to achieve better fuel efficiency. 
• Low-Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) testing through the introduction of the Aged Oil Sequence IX, designed to prevent damaging LSPI events in modern engines throughout the entire drain interval.
• Chain wear reduction through Sequence X.
• A maximum sulfated ash limit of 0.9% to protect gasoline particulate filters (GPF) and reduces harmful emissions.
• New Oil Gelation test and expanded seal compatibility testing to ensure better overall oil performance and protection.

Will GF-7 have A & B categories?

Yes. The A and B categories differentiate between performance levels or oil grades for specific engine needs. Licensed oils that meet the ILSAC GF-7A standard may be used where oils meeting GF-6A or earlier gasoline engine oil standards have been recommended. Oils that meet ILSAC GF-7B standards may be used, whereas oils that meet GF-6B standards for SAE 0W-16 oils have been recommended.

What is LSPI, and why is it important in the GF-7 specification?

Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) is a critical issue in modern turbocharged, direct-injection engines, which are becoming increasingly common due to their improved fuel efficiency. LSPI is an abnormal combustion event that can cause severe engine damage, particularly in downsized, high-pressure turbocharged engines. The introduction of the Aged Oil Sequence IX testing in GF-7 addresses this issue, ensuring the new oils provide better protection against LSPI. This is crucial for preventing engine knock, enhancing engine longevity, and improving reliability, especially in newer vehicle models where LSPI is a significant concern.

When will the ILSAC GF-7 specification be implemented?

The first license date for ILSAC GF-7 is scheduled for the end of the first quarter of 2025, specifically by March 31, 2025. This timing aligns with the release of model year 2026 vehicles, which will be required to meet more stringent fuel economy and emissions standards set by the EPA.

How is the development of GF-7 progressing?

The American Chemistry Council (ACC) completed the Technology Demonstration Period (Tech Demo) in March of this year, marking the start of the API’s mandatory one-year waiting period. This period will help finalize the GF-7 specification and ensure its readiness for commercial use by the 2025 deadline. This process includes extensive testing and collaboration across the industry to address emerging challenges and fine-tune the standard.

What challenges is the industry facing with the implementation of GF-7?

ILSAC has identified several challenges requiring industry support:

• Replacement of aging test engines used in the Sequence V and VI tests, as these engines will be in short supply by 2028.
• Further review and evaluation of Sequence IX and X engines, particularly concerning LSPI testing and chain wear reduction.
• Development of ILSAC GF-8 tests concurrently with GF-7 to ensure the industry keeps pace with technological and regulatory advancements.

How will the GF-7 impact engine longevity and protection?

One of the key improvements in GF-7 is its focus on preventing LSPI and chain wear, two critical factors in extending engine life. The new tests, such as the Aged Oil Sequence IX for LSPI and further chain wear reduction in the Sequence, are designed to ensure that GF-7 oils provide superior protection, reduce premature engine wear, and prevent costly repairs. These improvements will be particularly beneficial in newer, more advanced engines, where maintaining long-term reliability and performance is essential.

Will ILSAC GF-7 oils be backward-compatible with older engines?

Yes. GF-7 oils are expected to be backward-compatible with most older vehicles that require ILSAC-certified oils. However, their primary benefits—enhanced fuel economy, LSPI prevention, and chain wear protection—are significant for modern engines. Vehicle owners should always refer to their manufacturer’s recommendations when selecting engine oil.

How do ultra-low viscosity grades fit into the GF-7 standard?

API has recently adopted ultra-low viscosity grades, such as SAE 0W-8 and SAE 0W-12, into Service Category SP. These grades are becoming increasingly important as they offer lower friction and better fuel economy, which aligns with the goals of GF-7. Some global automakers already recommend these viscosity grades, and the GF-7 standard will make it easier for these automakers to recommend API-licensed oils, especially in North America.

How does GF-7 contribute to global environmental goals?

GF-7 is part of the automotive industry’s broader effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency. By enhancing fuel economy and reducing harmful emissions like CO2 and sulfated ash, GF-7 supports global climate initiatives and regulatory standards to mitigate climate change. This standard is aligned with the EPA’s emissions reduction goals, but it will also impact other markets where environmental regulations are becoming more stringent.

How will GF-7 affect consumers and the automotive industry?

Consumers will benefit from higher-quality engine oils with improved fuel efficiency, protection, and reduced emissions. For the automotive industry, GF-7 aligns engine oil standards with new regulatory requirements, supporting the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles. In addition, the backward compatibility of these oils with older engines ensures that a wide range of vehicles can benefit from the advancements made in GF-7.

What future developments can we expect after GF-7?

ILSAC plans to develop GF-8 to address future engine technologies and regulatory requirements. This parallel development approach ensures that new oil standards will continue evolving in sync with advancements in engine design and environmental goals, preventing gaps in the industry's ability to meet future demands.